Exploration of Form Simulations

Line Line is in many ways the simplest element of form: the connection between two points. It is also one of the most powerful elements of art, because it readily suggests movement and also, as a contour, can suggest solid form or mass. Lines often function as the abstract underpinnings of compositions, both in pictures and in sculptures. Line is one dimensional, and is therefore a very versatile tool in the creation of art. There are a number of different ways to use line. Drawing the outlines of an object is called contour drawing.Line that shows emotion, movement or direction is called expressive line, and line that is simple, ordered and symmetrical is called classical line. Implied line shows the edges of things without actually outlining them, and is used to draw the viewer's eye into the plane of a picture. Line can be used to shade or add texture to a picture using cross-hatching, which is composed of parallel crossed lines. Shape Shape becomes visible when a line or lines en close an area, or when an apparent change in value [lightness or darkness] or texture sets an area apart from its surroundings.Shapes are two-dimensional graphic elements like lines, but they can also suggest masses or solid objects in flattened profile. If the end of a line connects with its own beginning, it forms a shape, and the character of a shape is really determined by the kind of line that forms its outer border. There are broad categories of shape: curvilinear, angular, geometric, biomorphic and irregular. These types of shape have abstract associations that can be connected to real world objects they resemble. Color is another factor that affects the expressive impact of a shape. | MassMass is the term we use to describe solid form in art. Mass is a principle characteristic of most â€Å"things† in the real world: mountains, stones, apples and the human figure. Carved and modeled sculpture works with mass, as its primary component, often connected with linear princ iples that suggest movement. Mass is also an important factor in flat art work, although special techniques are required in painting and drawing to make mass appear to exist on the page. Mass describes three dimensions. If an object has mass, you can walk around it or see it from both the front and the back.Three-dimensional art forms include sculpture, ceramics, and architecture. These art forms involve creating actual mass. Drawing and painting are two-dimensional art forms, but there are techniques that can be used to represent three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface. This is called creating apparent mass. Linear The spatial relationships between three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional picture are shown using perspective. Perspective is created using overlapping images, vertical placement of images in the picture plane, and scale, or relative size of objects.In Western art, the most common type of perspective is linear. Linear perspective was developed in Italy durin g the early Renaissance. It orders the geometric depiction of objects in a picture in relation to an imaginary viewer's eye level: called the horizon line. All horizontal receding edges, such as the edges of a square table or the line of the floor in a room, will converge in the distance toward a point on the horizon line. Vectors below eye level will move up on the picture plane (or surface of the page) as they go back in space, while vectors above eye level will move down as they recede in space.The points where these vectors meet the horizon are called â€Å"vanishing points†. Perspective applied to the human figure is called foreshortening. In foreshortened view of the figure, closer parts of the body appear very large and in front, often blocking the view of parts behind. Spatial Spatial Depth refers to the relationships of objects to the space around them. In a two-dimensional picture, the illusion of depth is created in several ways. One is linear perspective, which is explored in section A. Another is the relationship between figure [an object] and ground [its background].Changing the value [lightness and darkness], color [chroma or hue], and scale or overlap of images can all have an effect on how we perceive spatial depth. Tonal relationships and edge can also affect the sense of spatial arrangement in a picture. Tones work to create depth in relation to a background tone. The greater the similarity of the tonal color of an object to the tone of the background, the more it will seem to recede toward the background. The more different or contrasting the object's tone, the more it will pop forward, away from the background.Soft edges will tend to push objects back in space, mimicking the effect of a foggy atmosphere. Directional Spatial Depth refers to the relationships of objects to the space around them. In a two-dimensional picture, the illusion of depth is created in several ways. One of them is the use of light. Light is an important part o f our understanding of space. Because it is so important, artists have learned ways to depict and manipulate light. Some artists, such as architects, manipulate light directly through a series of windows, for example.Other artists imitate the action of light as it reveals forms in three-dimensions. The way light strikes an object can affect how we perceive its mass or its depth in space. Elements of Color and Light Functions Light is essential to visual art, including most photography. The amount of light can radically change the way a photograph or painting reads. The direction of light modifies the way an object appears in a photograph, painting or drawing. In addition, light controls the colors we see. Artists manipulate and control the amount of light and color in their work to control the effect they are trying to achieve. Properties Color is an important cue for the relationship between forms in an image or in space. In a two-dimensional image, color can control the relationsh ip between the figure and its ground. If the color of the ground is similar to the color of the figure, the figure-ground relationship can be unclear. If the contrast between the figure color and the ground color is strong, the figure and its ground will seem more separated. By changing the relationship between the figure color and the ground color, the relationship between the igure and the ground is also changed visually. | Expressive Color is also an expressive element. Different colors mean different things in different societies and cultures. Colors that mean mourning in one society mean celebration in another. In the Western world, black is associated with mourning, but in Nigeria, white signifies death. In the Maori culture of New Zealand, there are over a hundred words that distinguish different shades of red. Even within a culture, different groups have different color vocabularies.Women in the United States have a very sophisticated color vocabulary, due in part to the fas hion, cosmetics and home decorating industries. Within individual works of art, the feeling of the artwork is strongly affected by the color choices of the artist. The way we use color to express ourselves is very personal. Some of our color choices are made by what is currently in fashion and some are more or less classical. The important thing to remember is that the use of certain colors together will imply a deep space, while others will make the space seem flatter. Optical illusions can be fun to try.Optical The optical effects that produce colors can be divided into two media: light and pigment. The mixing of colored lights is an additive process. This means that greater or lesser amounts of colors are mixed optically. The colors are refracted. Mixing pigments, such as paints and pastels, is a subtractive process. The colors in a paint mixture cancel each other out because they show the amount of reflected color in the mixture. Unlike the additive process, in which color becom es more brilliant, in the subtractive process, a mixture of large amounts of the primary colors produces a muddy black.

Boys Don’t Cry

The movie â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry† can be seen from a sociological perspective focusing on issues of sex, gender, identity and sexuality in a societal context that is set out in the movie. The whole-view or objective view of society can be imposed in a sociological way on the movie. Brandon/Teena as a character shows elements of being male but wants to be female, so there is conflict between his/her sex and gender.The movie overall can be compared to attitudes of sexual control and violence in a patriarchal society, in which transgendered and GBLT communities are excluded from the rest of society and isolated, and are also put under a special sort of scrutiny that goes past reasonable discretion. The violence in the movie â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry† is sort of sugar coated when compared to reality, unfortunately.Politically speaking, a liberal feminist might view Brandon/Teena’s death as motivated by the state, while a radical feminist might view the whole m ovie as a bourgeois concept, and the postmodern feminist may consider the meta-implications of the character’s death within a film based supposedly on true events, but in a way that has caused controversy. Sex and gender are very important to Brandon/Teena, and just as important to the characters who persecute him/her.Sexuality, sex, and gender are related to each other because they all describe in relative terms maleness and femaleness in individuals and the tendency to form male and female roles in societies. There are basic differences between these terms, even though they do inter-relate. Sex is about whether a person has the physical equipment and physiological tendencies of male or female; in this sense, it is not sex defined as the act of getting one’s kicks, but sex as it is filled out on a form, name/age/sex.Generally sex in this definition is either male or female, although there are those rare individuals who are true hermaphrodites, and there are also incre asing possibilities for trans gender individuals in this modern day. The trans gender identity can leave the borders of sex and gender intact. In these modern times, sex is for the most part an either/or proposition that is based on physiology. Gender, on the other hand, is based on culture and behavior rather than strictly on physiology. And sexuality is about what the individual likes or is attracted to.â€Å"Sex refers to biological differences, while gender refers to the cultural construction of male and female characteristics†¦ gender roles are the tasks and activities assigned by the culture to the sexes†¦ sexual orientation refers to a person’s habitual sexual attractions and activities†¦ Sexual norms vary considerably cross culturally and through time† (Sex, 2008). Film makers can present their stories any way they want, because it is a free society. It is up to the audience to choose which movies to see.After watching this movie, if I had a son like Brandon, I would let him do whatever he wanted in public or private, as long as he wasn’t hurting anyone. If his school kicked him out for wearing dresses, I would sue the school and stay on his side. You are supposed to love your children unconditionally. If my boy thought he was a girl, I wouldn’t be uptight about it or blame myself. REFERENCE Boys Don’t Cry and the Brandon Teena philosophy (2008). http://www. flickfilosopher. com/flickfilos/archive/001q/boysdontcrybrandonteena. html Sex vs. Gender (2008). http://www. indiana. edu/~lggender/sex-vs-gender. html

Advantages of Online Shopping

in the morning. You can choose from a wider variety of things available for you to shop which may not be available in the local brick and mortar stores. You also have the benefit to do all from the comfort of your own home. When you buy from online store you have the comfort to take your time while checking for the things of your choice, this will lead you to a simple and quick way to perform price comparison unlike the dissatisfied and hurried shopping you do in the local stores. In addition, unlike local stores, you can avail discount coupons and get a thing at a lower rate when shopping online. Besides, when shopping online you can also avoid long lines to wait in and the unnecessary contact with cranky people. If you feel uncomfortable dragging your kids for shopping, online shopping is the best way to counter that. Most of us are sometimes concerned with private shopping; online shopping offers you a great platform to do so with comfort. Also, when you are buying gifts, online mode is the perfect way to send your distant friends or relatives the gift you wanted to send. When it comes to payment, you can use anyone’s credit card when shopping online. A lot of us are concerned about the identity theft when hear about online shopping. Identity theft cases take place in reality in brick and mortar store itself and not online. Websites are secure these days with powerful encryption procedures that keep your identity safe and secure. Although there are a few where your information may not be secure, you can take a peaceful breathe when dealing with the vast majority of online shopping website. Consider websites that offer free shipping and this is definitely the way to go. As the price of gas is increasing, shipping and handling might be cheaper anyway. Disadvantages of online shopping: Although online shopping is 24/7 available, you cannot feel or touch items rather can just see what is present on a webpage whereas in brick and mortar stores you can see many things at a glance and buy after you feel or touch the product. As the term suggests, online shopping is only possible through the internet, therefore, the connection speed matter a lot here. Unlike conventional stores which don’t close unexpectedly, online stores incurs frequent malfunction. The most common grumble people have with online stores is regarding warranties and some sort of guarantees, which they fail to offer in most cases. Apparently, these would mean nothing if the online store went bankrupt. Similarly returns are also very much difficult on online stores than in local stores. It very normal that many online stores don’t accept cash or checks, although some sites do, you still have to use the credit cards. When purchasing online, billing errors are the common things you may encounter whereas in local stores these errors are nearly impossible. The very big disadvantage an online website may have is the credit card security issue, despite the fact that how secure the website claims to be, you can not always trust them. There have been many cases where people realized that their credit card number has been stolen and has been used by others. The bottom line is, online shopping is the ultimate solution people are finding today, but conventional stores are still here to stay. Advantages of Online Shopping in the morning. You can choose from a wider variety of things available for you to shop which may not be available in the local brick and mortar stores. You also have the benefit to do all from the comfort of your own home. When you buy from online store you have the comfort to take your time while checking for the things of your choice, this will lead you to a simple and quick way to perform price comparison unlike the dissatisfied and hurried shopping you do in the local stores. In addition, unlike local stores, you can avail discount coupons and get a thing at a lower rate when shopping online. Besides, when shopping online you can also avoid long lines to wait in and the unnecessary contact with cranky people. If you feel uncomfortable dragging your kids for shopping, online shopping is the best way to counter that. Most of us are sometimes concerned with private shopping; online shopping offers you a great platform to do so with comfort. Also, when you are buying gifts, online mode is the perfect way to send your distant friends or relatives the gift you wanted to send. When it comes to payment, you can use anyone’s credit card when shopping online. A lot of us are concerned about the identity theft when hear about online shopping. Identity theft cases take place in reality in brick and mortar store itself and not online. Websites are secure these days with powerful encryption procedures that keep your identity safe and secure. Although there are a few where your information may not be secure, you can take a peaceful breathe when dealing with the vast majority of online shopping website. Consider websites that offer free shipping and this is definitely the way to go. As the price of gas is increasing, shipping and handling might be cheaper anyway. Disadvantages of online shopping: Although online shopping is 24/7 available, you cannot feel or touch items rather can just see what is present on a webpage whereas in brick and mortar stores you can see many things at a glance and buy after you feel or touch the product. As the term suggests, online shopping is only possible through the internet, therefore, the connection speed matter a lot here. Unlike conventional stores which don’t close unexpectedly, online stores incurs frequent malfunction. The most common grumble people have with online stores is regarding warranties and some sort of guarantees, which they fail to offer in most cases. Apparently, these would mean nothing if the online store went bankrupt. Similarly returns are also very much difficult on online stores than in local stores. It very normal that many online stores don’t accept cash or checks, although some sites do, you still have to use the credit cards. When purchasing online, billing errors are the common things you may encounter whereas in local stores these errors are nearly impossible. The very big disadvantage an online website may have is the credit card security issue, despite the fact that how secure the website claims to be, you can not always trust them. There have been many cases where people realized that their credit card number has been stolen and has been used by others. The bottom line is, online shopping is the ultimate solution people are finding today, but conventional stores are still here to stay.

See assignment criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

See assignment criteria - Essay Example In case of Ruritania, the potential of e-commerce is unlimited and will be very beneficial; however, it brings with it a number of legal issues regarding intellectual property, privacy, customer protection, copyright, etc that the government should focus on to ensure continuous growth of e-commerce in the country. However, this process of introducing and implementing new laws and strategies related to e-commerce will not be easy, and thus, the government should prepare itself to confront different challenges in this process due to the international nature of the internet and e-commerce. In this regard, the foremost requisite to ensure e-commerce growth will be to take global and diversified perspective while creating new strategies and regulations (Wimmer, 2003). It has been an observation that regulations and laws focusing only local stakeholders often result in negative outcomes, which the government of Ruritania will have to avoid during the process of alteration of laws and regul ations related to e-commerce. One of the most important concerns that the government of Ruritania should focus on is the application of copyright on digital content, as well as application of national regulations in the cyberspace. Additionally, some other issues are privacy of customers and consumers on the internet and level of security in the electronic commerce. Most importantly, taxation on the cyber trade has been one of the most crucial concerns related to e-commerce globally. Studies (Wimmer, 2003) have indicated that while creating laws and regulations related to the e-commerce, one of the major confrontations is the application of regulations in cyberspace environment, which creates the process a very complex one. In this regard, it will be very imperative for the government of Ruritania to consider broadest range of possibilities. For this reason, in order to consider every perspective, it is advisable that the government should share the proposed legislations and strateg ies with local, as well as international stakeholders, as their approval will be crucial to encourage e-commerce activities in the country, and their discontent may result in adverse outcomes. In other words, consensus of the government officials, as well as the other stakeholders will ensure effectiveness and success of the legalization process that many countries avoid and face adverse results. To begin the process, the Electronic Transaction Act (Smith, 2007) will be the basic and essential regulation to resolve existing legal issues in Ruritania and it will be an efficient way of authenticating electronic transactions in the country. Specifically, this act will enable contractual transactions, such as offers and acceptances in the cyberspace. Additionally, the act will enable customers to fulfill the legal requirements by using their electronic signatures that will resolve a number of legal issues in the e-commerce arena of Ruritania. Consequently, it is anticipation that the El ectronic Transaction Act (Smith, 2007) will increase electronic commerce activities in Ruritania by ensuring efficiency in the cyberspace. Moreover, business organizations will also be benefiting from this act due to reduction in managerial duties and operational costs after its introduction. Besides the act, another suggestion is to ensure compliance of laws and regulations by all the service providers and stakeholders involved in the

The Main Contemporary Issues in Catholic Schools Essay

The Main Contemporary Issues in Catholic Schools - Essay Example Birth Control and Contraception Everybody around the world has had of the teaching that lay emphasis on birth control and the use of contraceptives. The teachings in catholic schools are different as people are expected to shun the use of birth controls. The move against contraception did not start recently as in 1968, the catholic community was warned against contraception through the letter of Pope Paul IV titled Humanae Vitae, which is the Latin expression of Human life. The letter implied that the Christians should follow the teachings of the church that constantly denounce contraceptives as it is intrinsically wrong since it is a tool which prevents a new human life from coming to existence. The letter clearly terms contraception to be "Any action which, either in anticipation of the conjugal act [sexual intercourse], or in its accomplishment, or in the development of its natural consequences, proposes, whether as an end or as a means, to render procreation impossible" (Humanae Vitae 14) (D'Orsa, 2008). When it talks of contraception, nothing is left out, as all the methods are included. They include condoms and other barrier methods, sterilization, spermicides, pills and coitus interruptus which is referred to as withdrawal method. In other cases, the Protestants conjured with the Catholics in the fight against contraceptives. However, they changed their belief after 1930 Lambeth Conference where they indicated that at some point the use of contraceptives was necessary. This was after the social pressure, which was growing amongst its members and the public, swayed them. It was not long before they decided to consent to the use of contraceptive in form of birth control all over... This report approves that this approach has usually been implemented with the intention of having results at the end of the studies. This is because there are certain students who have a catholic background and is interested in being at the school while there are those that are just interested in being in the school. This approach is used during the selection of students joining the school, as the administration will look at the students who would be productive to the catholic school. This essay makes a conclusion that the concept perpetrated by the catholic curriculum shows that it is an importance it has in the community as it is sometimes used in referring to the truth the people arte expected to adhere to. However, this is an ideology, which is propagated to individual communities so that they would interpret it in their own way then practices it as they prefer. This is an application which is rendered to different people with regard to their ages and culture. It is for this reason that some of the practices initiated by Catholics are sometimes given room for negotiation so that it would suit individuals. This is the phrase used in contextualization of rules expected to be followed but some aspects are ignored. In layman’s language, this is the term used when making sense of truth in accordance to the changing times, cultural evolvement and changing of messages to suit the people. This means that in this modern time, the curriculum has been changed to s uit that the people in this era. This is something that is not new to the catholic community, as it has always been done in order to favor the individuals at that particular moment.

Yvain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Yvain - Essay Example Yvain or the Knight with the Lion tells of Yvain, a knight in King Arthur’s court, whose adventures are initially kicked off by his desire to prove his bravery in the eyes of his fellow knights. Chivalry and courtly love are the two elements underpinning and moving the story, which is set in the medieval period of the famed fictional Arthurian era. Moreover, Chretien de Troyes’ tale highlights the importance of good reputation in the medieval period among knights and how reputation is equated to acts of chivalry and bravery especially for the benefit of the helpless like women. In Yvain or the Knight with the Lion, the reader is apprised of how a knight’s reputation is made, kept and lost. Apparently, reputation for chivalry, honor and bravery is the all-most important consideration by which each knight lives by. The story’s main character Yvain is a proud man who is impelled to rush and defend his honor from a disparaging remark, obviously made in jest and presumably after several bottles of wine, insinuating inability to make good his words. The challenge, to which he rises started when his cousin Calogrenant told a group of knights that he had been defeated by a knight after he had stirred a storm-brewing magical basin at the edge of a forest. This made Yvain censure his cousin for keeping this from him for so long and promptly vowed to avenge his shame by killing the knight himself. Kay, another knight, mocks Yvain’s pronouncement insinuating that he is merely heady with wine. Stung by the remark, Yvain secretly left for the place mentioned by Calogrenant even when King Arthur himself has scheduled a date to see the place himself (de Troyes Vv 1-746). It is evident from the initial events of the tale that reputation is very important to medieval knights. Yvain’s decision to scurry secretly even to the point of

Special Education Individualized Education Program Research Paper

Special Education Individualized Education Program - Research Paper Example In outlining those components, it is important to also include additional IEP considerations relevant to student academic and behavioral performance in school communities. Parent participation is necessary-send written invitation to parents at least three times per certified mail. If parents cannot attend meeting, conduct a phone conference and include that information on the IEP. Send parents a copy of the completed IEP via certified mail and indicate date mailed (within three days of the meeting) and IEP case manager initials sending the IEP) The practice within the educational community of labeling children is tied to funding. When a child falls into a disability category, such as learning disabled (LD), the district, and the school the child attends, is given funding to offset the extra costs of educating that child. Because children with learning disabilities are capable of functioning at grade level with assistance outside normal teaching parameters, having your child labeled as LD means he or she gets extra help. This falls squarely on the pro side of labeling. If your child has a language processing disorder and so has difficulty reading, writing and spelling, he or she may be able to participate in language classes with four or five other students, one teacher, and an aide. This individualized attention will help your child succeed. The down side to this is he or she will be pulled from his regular class during that time. This means all the other students know he is special ed. If there is low tolerance for students outside the norm in your childs particular school, this may prove to be socially damaging. Due to the rising number of children diagnosed with learning disabilities, however, this is becoming less of a problem. More schools are incorporating LD methodologies into the mainstream classroom to accommodate these labeled children, primarily

_Management_and_Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

_Management_and_Organisations - Essay Example According to Robins and Judge (2011, p. 488), organizational structure refers to a specific pattern in which job tasks are formally grouped, divided and categorized and accordingly coordinated. Division of labor, coordination, communication and workflow etc are influenced by the structure of the organization. Organizations are structured in different ways such as flexible firm, the boundary-less organization, the lean organization, the down-sized organization, empowerment, outsourcing, networking and the virtual organization (Needle, 2010, p. 188). Marks and Spencer has previously layered its organization into several groups and thus considered an elaborate structure, but has recently eliminated a number of layers through the process of de-layering and adopted ‘flat organizational structure’. A flat organization structure is a form of organization with relatively few layers of management and is less bureaucratic (DuBrin, 2011, p. 274). Flat organization structure combine s a number of elements such as low degree of job specialization, loose departmentalization, few levels of management, wider control span, decentralized decision-making and shorter chain of command (Gitman and McDaniel, 2008, p. 190). Marks and Spencer recently reduced many numbers management layers resulting that employees have more responsibility for everything they do. A significant result of flat organization is that remaining managers become highly responsible with larger span of control with more numbers of employees reporting to a particular manager. The Economic situation of Marks and Spencer Marks and Spencer operates more than 700 stores across the UK and more than 400 stores in around 44 countries across the Europe, Middle East and Asia (Corporate.marksandspencer.com, 2013). Out of its stores in the UK, around 350 stores are department stores that sell mid-priced apparel, food and household items under the M&S private label brands, including Autograph, Classic and Portfoli o. About 90 percent of its total revenues and profits derive from its home country- UK. Marks and Spencer is the market leader of women-wear, lingerie and menswear. Its market is rigorously competitive as it faces extremely fierce competition from its market players such as Tesco, Next Plc and Asda Plc. Marks and Spencer is a public limited company that sells medium-prices clothes, apparel, and food and home products. Since the 2008 economic downturn, the UK market place was turbulent as UK’s Gross Domestic Product in recent years was revised down, and the government faced difficult to tackle the deficit. Consumers across the UK have relatively better understanding of how to manage their household and spending in difficult times. Marks and Spencer, considering consumers’ concern about spending, implemented certain strategic steps such as promotions, and has found significant rise in its total revenues (Annual Report, 2012). Some factors like quality, value, longevity a nd versatility impacted the general responses to products and services offered by marks and Spencer in recent years. Consumers were found to continually invest in certain staple items looking for products that have longevity and ver

Information Technology and Knowledge Management Dissertation

Information Technology and Knowledge Management - Dissertation Example As the research stresses information technology is one field in which KM plays an important role in the making or breaking of a company. It should be noted that all IT companies are striving for KM to increase their competitive power and brand value in the heavily competitive IT business world. No It company can survive in this world without updating their knowledge. In fact, the ability to update knowledge works positively in the development of an IT company. This paper analyses the literature to know more about the importance of knowledge management in Information technology industry. According to the report findings Boisot model of KM depend on three factors; codification, abstraction, and diffusion. â€Å"Codification refers to the way we make use of explicit knowledge. In a general formulation, codification is a process by which we create conceptual categories that facilitate the classification of events and phenomena†. Dalkir mentioned about the management of information and data in Boisot model. He has pointed out how Boisot model distinguishes information from data. â€Å"Information is what an observer will extract from data as a function of his or her expectation or prior knowledge. Effective knowledge sharing requires that senders and receivers share the context as well as the coding scheme†. In Boisot model of KM, the abstraction dimension is linked to knowledge creation through analysis and understanding whereas diffusion is linked to information access and transfer.